다른 명령
테이블 스페이스 관리
테이블스페이스별 파일 목록을 보기
SELECT SUBSTRB(TABLESPACE_NAME, 1, 10) AS "테이블스페이스" ,SUBSTRB(FILE_NAME, 1, 50) AS "파일명" ,TO_CHAR(BLOCKS, '999,999,990') AS "블럭수" ,TO_CHAR(BYTES, '99,999,999') AS "크기" FROM DBA_DATA_FILES ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME;
테이블스페이스별 정보 보기
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME AS "TABLESPACE" ,A.INITIAL_EXTENT / 1024 AS "INIT(K)" ,A.NEXT_EXTENT / 1024 AS "NEXT(K)" ,A.MIN_EXTENTS AS "MIN" ,A.MAX_EXTENTS AS "MAX" ,A.PCT_INCREASE AS "PCT_INC(%)" ,B.FILE_NAME AS "FILE_NAME" ,B.BLOCKS * C.VALUE / 1024 / 1024 AS "SIZE(M)" ,B.STATUS AS "STATUS" FROM DBA_TABLESPACES A ,DBA_DATA_FILES B ,V$PARAMETER C WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME = B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND C.NAME = 'db_block_size' ORDER BY 1, 2;
테이블스페이스별 사용하는 파일의 크기 합 보기
SELECT SUBSTRB(TABLESPACE_NAME, 1, 10) AS TABLESPACE ,TO_CHAR(SUM(BYTES), '9,999,999,999,990') AS BYTES ,TO_CHAR(SUM(BLOCKS), '9,999,999,990') AS BLOCKS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME UNION ALL SELECT '총계', TO_CHAR(SUM(BYTES), '9,999,999,999,990') AS BYTES, TO_CHAR(SUM(BLOCKS), '9,999,999,990') AS BLOCKS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;
테이블스페이스별 디스크 사용량 보기
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME AS "TABLESPACE" ,A.INIT AS "INIT(K)" ,A.NEXT AS "NEXT(K)" ,A.MIN AS "MIN" ,A.MAX AS "MAX" ,A.PCT_INC AS "PCT_INC(%)" ,TO_CHAR(B.TOTAL, '999,999,999,990') AS "총량(바이트)" ,TO_CHAR(C.FREE, '999,999,999,990') AS "남은량(바이트)" ,TO_CHAR(B.BLOCKS, '9,999,990') AS "총블럭" ,TO_CHAR(D.BLOCKS, '9,999,990') AS "사용블럭" ,TO_CHAR(100 * NVL(D.BLOCKS, 0) / B.BLOCKS, '999.99') AS "사용율%" FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME ,INITIAL_EXTENT / 1024 AS INIT ,NEXT_EXTENT / 1024 AS NEXT ,MIN_EXTENTS AS MIN ,MAX_EXTENTS AS MAX ,PCT_INCREASE AS PCT_INC FROM DBA_TABLESPACES) A ,(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SUM(BYTES) AS TOTAL, SUM(BLOCKS) AS BLOCKS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) B ,(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SUM(BYTES) AS FREE FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) C ,(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SUM(BLOCKS) AS BLOCKS FROM DBA_EXTENTS GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) D WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME = B.TABLESPACE_NAME(+) AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME = C.TABLESPACE_NAME(+) AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME = D.TABLESPACE_NAME(+) ORDER BY A.TABLESPACE_NAME;
테이블스페이스별 데이터파일 위치 , FREE/USED 사이즈 조회
SELECT SUBSTRB(A.FILE_NAME, 1, 40) AS FILE_NAME ,A.FILE_ID ,B.FREE_BYTES / 1024 AS FREE_BYTES ,B.MAX_BYTES / 1024 AS MAX_BYTES FROM DBA_DATA_FILES A ,(SELECT FILE_ID, SUM(BYTES) AS FREE_BYTES, MAX(BYTES) AS MAX_BYTES FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY FILE_ID) B WHERE A.FILE_ID = B.FILE_ID AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME = UPPER('&테이블스페이스명') ORDER BY A.FILE_NAME;
테이블스페이스의 테이블 명 보기
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, TABLE_NAME FROM USER_TABLES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = UPPER('&테이블스페이스명') ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME, TABLE_NAME;
공간의 90% 이상을 사용하고 있는 Tablespace
SELECT X.TABLESPACE_NAME ,TOTAL_SIZE / 1024 / 1024 TOTAL_SIZE ,USED_SIZE / 1024 / 1024 USED_SIZE ,(ROUND(USED_SIZE / TOTAL_SIZE, 2)) * 100 USED_RATIO FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SUM(BYTES) TOTAL_SIZE FROM DBA_DATA_FILES GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) X ,(SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SUM(BYTES) USED_SIZE FROM DBA_EXTENTS GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) Y WHERE X.TABLESPACE_NAME = Y.TABLESPACE_NAME(+) AND Y.USED_SIZE > .9 * X.TOTAL_SIZE;
현재 Extension 횟수가 MaxExtents의 80% 이상인 경우
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME ,OWNER ,SEGMENT_NAME ,SEGMENT_TYPE ,EXTENTS ,MAX_EXTENTS FROM SYS.DBA_SEGMENTS S WHERE EXTENTS / MAX_EXTENTS > .8 AND MAX_EXTENTS > 0 ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME, OWNER, SEGMENT_NAME;
System 테이블스페이스을 사용하는 일반 사용자 테이블 조회
SELECT OWNER ,SEGMENT_NAME ,SEGMENT_TYPE ,TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') AND TABLESPACE_NAME = 'SYSTEM';
Object별 테이블스페이스 및 데이터파일
SELECT DISTINCT E.SEGMENT_NAME, E.TABLESPACE_NAME, F.FILE_NAME FROM DBA_EXTENTS E ,DBA_DATA_FILES F WHERE E.FILE_ID = F.FILE_ID AND E.SEGMENT_TYPE = 'TABLE' AND E.TABLESPACE_NAME NOT IN ('SYSTEM', 'TOOLS');
트랜잭션 관리
작업 중인 데이터베이스 트랜잭션 조회
SELECT S.SID ,S.SERIAL# ,S.STATUS ,S.OSUSER ,S.USERNAME ,T.STATUS ,T.START_TIME FROM V$SESSION S ,V$TRANSACTION T ,DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS R WHERE S.TADDR = T.ADDR AND T.XIDUSN = R.SEGMENT_ID;
ROLLBACK SEGMENT의 사용상황 보기
EXTENTS = 현재 할당된 EXTENT의 수 : EXTENDS = 마지막 트랜잭션에 의해 할당된 EXTENT의 수 SELECT SUBSTRB(A.SEGMENT_NAME, 1, 10) AS SEGMENT_NAME ,SUBSTRB(A.TABLESPACE_NAME, 1, 10) AS TABLESPACE_NAME ,TO_CHAR(A.SEGMENT_ID, '99,999') AS SEG_ID ,TO_CHAR(A.MAX_EXTENTS, '999,999') AS MAX_EXT ,TO_CHAR(B.EXTENTS, '999,999') AS EXTENTS ,TO_CHAR(B.EXTENDS, '999,999') AS EXTENDS ,TO_CHAR((A.INITIAL_EXTENT + (B.EXTENTS - 1) * A.NEXT_EXTENT) / 1000000, '9,999.999') AS "ALLOC(MB)" ,TO_CHAR(XACTS, '9,999') AS XACTS FROM DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS A ,V$ROLLSTAT B WHERE A.SEGMENT_ID = B.USN(+) ORDER BY 1;
롤백 세그먼트 경합 조회
SELECT NAME T0 ,GETS T1 ,WAITS T2 ,TO_CHAR(TRUNC(WAITS / GETS * 100, 2), 099.99) || ' %' T3 ,TO_CHAR(ROUND(RSSIZE / 1024)) T4 ,SHRINKS T5 ,EXTENDS T6 FROM V$ROLLSTAT ,V$ROLLNAME WHERE V$ROLLSTAT.USN = V$ROLLNAME.USN;
Rollback Segment를 사용하고 있는 SQL문 조회
SELECT A.NAME ,B.XACTS ,C.SID ,C.SERIAL# ,C.USERNAME ,D.SQL_TEXT FROM V$ROLLNAME A ,V$ROLLSTAT B ,V$SESSION C ,V$SQLTEXT D ,V$TRANSACTION E WHERE A.USN = B.USN AND B.USN = E.XIDUSN AND C.TADDR = E.ADDR AND C.SQL_ADDRESS = D.ADDRESS AND C.SQL_HASH_VALUE = D.HASH_VALUE ORDER BY A.NAME, C.SID, D.PIECE;
열려 있는 커서 조회
SELECT A.SID ,A.OSUSER ,COUNT(B.SID) AS "CURSOR" ,A.PROGRAM ,A.STATUS FROM V$SESSION A ,V$OPEN_CURSOR B WHERE A.SID = B.SID(+) GROUP BY A.SID, A.OSUSER, A.PROGRAM, A.STATUS;
락 관리
테이블에 LOCK이 걸렸는지를 보기
SELECT A.SID , A.SERIAL# , SUBSTRB(A.USERNAME, 1, 16) AS USERNAME , SUBSTRB(A.MACHINE, 1, 30) AS MACHINE , A.TERMINAL , A.OSUSER , A.PROGRAM , SUBSTRB(TO_CHAR(A.LOGON_TIME, 'MM/DD HH24:MI:SS'), 1, 14) AS LOGON_TIME , SUBSTRB(C.OBJECT_NAME, 1, 58) AS OBJECT_NAME FROM V$SESSION A , V$LOCK B , DBA_OBJECTS C WHERE A.SID = B.SID AND B.ID1 = C.OBJECT_ID AND B.TYPE = 'TM' AND C.OBJECT_NAME LIKE UPPER('&테이블명');
Blocking Lock Session 확인
SELECT B.BLOCKING_SESSION AS BLOCKING_SESSION_SID , C.SID AS LOCK_SESSION_SID , C.OWNER AS OBJECT_OWNER , C.OBJECT AS OBJECT , B.LOCKWAIT , A.PIECE , A.SQL_TEXT AS SQL FROM V$SQLTEXT A , V$SESSION B , V$ACCESS C WHERE A.ADDRESS = B.SQL_ADDRESS AND A.HASH_VALUE = B.SQL_HASH_VALUE AND B.SID = C.SID AND B.BLOCKING_SESSION IS NOT NULL AND C.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'PUBLIC') AND C.OBJECT NOT IN ('TOAD_PLAN_TABLE') ORDER BY A.PIECE;
Lock을 잡고있는 세션과 기다리는 세션 조회
SELECT DECODE(B.LOCKWAIT, NULL, ' ', 'w') AS WW ,B.SID ,B.SERIAL# AS SER# ,SUBSTR(B.MACHINE, 1, 10) AS MACHINE ,SUBSTR(B.PROGRAM, 1, 15) AS PROGRAM ,SUBSTR(A.OBJECT_NAME, 1, 17) AS OBJ_NAME ,SUBSTR(B.STATUS, 1, 1) AS S ,DECODE(B.COMMAND, 0, NULL, 2, 'INSERT', 6, 'UPDATE', 7, 'DELETE', B.COMMAND) AS SQLCMD ,B.PROCESS AS PGM_PSS FROM V$SESSION B ,(SELECT A.SID, DECODE(B.OWNER, NULL, A.TYPE || '..ing', B.OWNER || '.' || B.OBJECT_NAME) AS OBJECT_NAME FROM V$LOCK A ,DBA_OBJECTS B WHERE A.ID1 = B.OBJECT_ID(+) GROUP BY A.SID, DECODE(B.OWNER, NULL, A.TYPE || '..ing', B.OWNER || '.' || B.OBJECT_NAME)) A WHERE B.SID = A.SID AND B.TADDR IS NOT NULL;
테이블에 걸린 비정상적 LOCK 풀기 - kill
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '&SID,&SERIAL';
잠금 상태 오브젝트 조회
SELECT A.SESSION_ID , B.SERIAL# , A.OS_USER_NAME , A.ORACLE_USERNAME , C.OBJECT_NAME , A.LOCKED_MODE , A.XIDUSN FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT A , V$SESSION B , DBA_OBJECTS C WHERE A.OBJECT_ID = C.OBJECT_ID AND A.SESSION_ID = B.SID;
잠금 SQL 구문 조회
SELECT B.USERNAME AS USERNAME , C.SID AS SID , C.OWNER AS OBJECT_OWNER , C.OBJECT AS OBJECT , B.LOCKWAIT , A.PIECE , A.SQL_TEXT AS SQL FROM V$SQLTEXT A ,V$SESSION B ,V$ACCESS C WHERE A.ADDRESS = B.SQL_ADDRESS AND A.HASH_VALUE = B.SQL_HASH_VALUE AND B.SID = C.SID AND C.OWNER != 'SYS';
잠금 발생 유형 조회
SELECT A.SID ,DECODE(A.TYPE ,'MR', 'MEDIA RECOVERY' ,'RT', 'REDO THREAD' ,'UN', 'USER_NAME' ,'TX', 'TRANSACTION' ,'TM', 'DML' ,'UL', 'PL/SQL USER LOCK' ,'DX', 'DISTRIBUTED XACTION' ,'CF', 'CONTROL FILE' ,'IS', 'INSTANCE STATE' ,'FS', 'FILE SET' ,'IR', 'INSTANCE RECOVERY' ,'FS', 'FILE SET' ,'ST', 'DISK SPACE TRANSACTION' ,'TS', 'TEMP SEGMENT' ,'IV', 'LIBRARY CACHE INVAILDATION' ,'LS', 'LOG START OR SWITCH' ,'RW', 'ROW WAIT' ,'SQ', 'SEQUENCE NUMBER' ,'TE', 'EXTEND TABLE' ,'TT', 'TEMP TABLE' ,A.TYPE ) AS "LOCK_TYPE" ,DECODE(A.LMODE ,0, 'NONE' ,1, 'NULL' ,2, 'ROW-S(SS)' ,3, 'ROW-X(SX)' ,4, 'SHARE' ,5, 'S/ROW-X(SSX)' ,6, 'EXCLUSIVE' ,TO_CHAR(A.LMODE) ) AS "MODE_HELD" ,DECODE(A.REQUEST ,0, 'NONE' ,1, 'NULL' ,2, 'ROW-S(SS)' ,3, 'ROW-X(SX)' ,4, 'SHARE' ,5, 'S/ROW-X(SSX)' ,6, 'EXCLUSIVE' ,TO_CHAR(A.REQUEST) ) AS "MODE_REQUESTED" ,TO_CHAR(A.ID1) AS "LOCK_ID1" ,TO_CHAR(A.ID2) AS "LOCK_ID2" ,DECODE(BLOCK, 0, 'NOT BLOCKING', 1, 'BLOCKING', 2, 'GLOBAL', TO_CHAR(BLOCK)) AS "BLOCKING_OTHERS" FROM V$LOCK A WHERE (ID1, ID2) IN (SELECT B.ID1, ID2 FROM V$LOCK B WHERE B.ID1 = A.ID1);
세션 정보 관리
현재 세션에서 10초이상 걸리는 쿼리 조회 (SELECT절)
SELECT ABS (SYSDATE - A.LAST_LOAD_TIME) * 24 * 60 * 60 AS SEC_TIEM, A.* FROM V$SQLAREA A, V$SESSION B WHERE A.SQL_TEXT LIKE '%SELECT%' AND A.ADDRESS = B.SQL_ADDRESS AND B.STATUS = 'ACTIVE' AND A.ELAPSED_TIME >= 10 * 1000000 -- 실행계획에서 10초 이상 걸리는 쿼리를 조회(실제 걸리는 시간은 아님.) AND A.PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'SYSMAN') AND B.USERNAME IS NOT NULL;
현재 세션에서 PGA, UGA, CPU 사용량 세션별로 조회하는 쿼리
SELECT B.USERNAME, A.SID, A.PGA_USAGE, A.UGA_USAGE, A.CPU_USAGE_SECONDS, B.MACHINE, B.PROGRAM, B.MODULE FROM ( SELECT B.SID , MAX(DECODE(C.NAME, 'session pga memory', TRUNC(B.VALUE / 1024 / 1024) || 'MB', 0)) AS PGA_USAGE , MAX(DECODE(C.NAME, 'session uga memory', TRUNC(B.VALUE / 1024 / 1024) || 'MB', 0)) AS UGA_USAGE , MAX(DECODE(C.NAME, 'CPU used by this session', (B.VALUE / 100) || ' Sec', 0)) AS CPU_USAGE_SECONDS FROM V$SESSTAT B, V$STATNAME C WHERE B.STATISTIC# = C.STATISTIC# GROUP BY B.SID) A, V$SESSION B WHERE B.SID = A.SID AND B.STATUS = 'ACTIVE' AND B.USERNAME IS NOT NULL;
Session별 사용 명령어
SELECT SESS.SID ,SESS.SERIAL# ,SUBSTR(SESS.USERNAME, 1, 10) "USER NAME" ,SUBSTR(OSUSER, 1, 11) "OS USER" ,SUBSTR(SESS.MACHINE, 1, 15) "MACHINE NAME" ,STATUS ,UPPER( DECODE(NVL(COMMAND, 0) ,0, '-' ,1, 'CREATE TABLE' ,2, 'INSERT -' ,3, 'SELECT -' ,4, 'CREATE CLUST' ,5, 'ALTER CLUST' ,6, 'UPDATE -' ,7, 'DELETE -' ,8, 'DROP -' ,9, 'CREATE INDEX' ,10, 'DROP INDEX' ,11, 'ALTER INDEX' ,12, 'DROP TABLE' ,13, 'CREATE SEQ' ,14, 'ALTER SEQ' ,15, 'ALTER TABLE' ,16, 'DROP SEQ' ,17, 'GRANT' ,18, 'REVOKE' ,19, 'CREATE SYN' ,20, 'DROP SYN' ,21, 'CREATE VIEW' ,22, 'DROP VIEW' ,23, 'VALIDATE IX' ,24, 'CREATE PROC' ,25, 'ALTER PROC' ,26, 'LOCK TABLE' ,27, 'NO OPERATION' ,28, 'RENAME' ,29, 'COMMENT' ,30, 'AUDIT' ,31, 'NOAUDIT' ,32, 'CREATE DBLINK' ,33, 'DROP DB LINK' ,34, 'CREATE DATABASE' ,35, 'ALTER DATABASE' ,36, 'CREATE RBS' ,37, 'ALTER RBS' ,38, 'DROP RBS' ,39, 'CREATE TABLESPACE' ,40, 'ALTER TABLESPACE' ,41, 'DROP TABLESPACE' ,42, 'ALTER SESSION' ,43, 'ALTER USER' ,44, 'COMMIT' ,45, 'ROLLBACK' ,47, 'PL/SQL EXEC' ,48, 'SET TRANSACTION' ,49, 'SWITCH LOG' ,50, 'EXPLAIN' ,51, 'CREATE USER' ,52, 'CREATE ROLE' ,53, 'DROP USER' ,54, 'DROP ROLE' ,55, 'SET ROLE' ,56, 'CREATE SCHEMA' ,58, 'ALTER TRACING' ,59, 'CREATE TRIGGER' ,61, 'DROP TRIGGER' ,62, 'ANALYZE TABLE' ,63, 'ANALYZE INDEX' ,69, 'DROP PROCEDURE' ,71, 'CREATE SNAP LOG' ,72, 'ALTER SNAP LOG' ,73, 'DROP SNAP LOG' ,74, 'CREATE SNAPSHOT' ,75, 'ALTER SNAPSHOT' ,76, 'DROP SNAPSHOT' ,85, 'TRUNCATE TABLE' ,88, 'ALTER VIEW' ,91, 'CREATE FUNCTION' ,92, 'ALTER FUNCTION' ,93, 'DROP FUNCTION' ,94, 'CREATE PACKAGE' ,95, 'ALTER PACKAGE' ,96, 'DROP PACKAGE' ,46, 'SAVEPOINT' ) ) COMMAND ,SESS.PROCESS "C.PROC" ,PROC.SPID "S.PROC" ,TO_CHAR(SESS.LOGON_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI') FROM V$SESSION SESS ,V$SESSTAT STAT ,V$STATNAME NAME ,V$PROCESS PROC WHERE SESS.SID = STAT.SID AND STAT.STATISTIC# = NAME.STATISTIC# AND SESS.USERNAME IS NOT NULL AND NAME.NAME = 'RECURSIVE CALLS' AND SESS.PADDR = PROC.ADDR ORDER BY 3, 1, 2;
해당 테이블의 세션을 제거하는 쿼리
* 특정 테이블이 락을 발생하고 있으면 세션을 찾아서 중단시킨다. */ SELECT 'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ''' || S.SID||','||S.SERIAL# ||''';' FROM V$LOCK L, DBA_OBJECTS O, V$SESSION S WHERE L.ID1 = O.OBJECT_ID AND S.SID = L.SID AND O.OWNER = 'ESTDBA' AND O.OBJECT_NAME = 'TMP_GSYM2'
CPU를 많이 사용하는 세션의 식별(SQL TEXT 조회)
ELECT A.* ,(SELECT SS.SQL_TEXT FROM V$SQLAREA SS WHERE SS.ADDRESS = A.SQL_ADDRESS AND ROWNUM <= 1 ) AS SQL_TEST FROM ( SELECT A.SID ,C.SERIAL# ,A.VALUE ,C.USERNAME ,C.STATUS ,C.PROGRAM ,C.SQL_ADDRESS ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY A.VALUE DESC) RN FROM V$SESSTAT A ,V$STATNAME B ,V$SESSION C WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC# AND A.SID = C.SID AND B.NAME = 'CPU used by this session' AND A.VALUE > 0 AND C.STATUS = 'ACTIVE' AND C.USERNAME IS NOT NULL ) A WHERE A.RN <= 10;
1시간 이상 유휴 상태인 세션
SELECT SID ,SERIAL# ,USERNAME ,TRUNC(LAST_CALL_ET / 3600, 2) || ' HR' LAST_CALL_ET FROM V$SESSION WHERE LAST_CALL_ET > 3600 AND USERNAME IS NOT NULL;
CPU를 많이 사용하는 세션의 식별
SELECT A.SID ,C.SERIAL# ,A.VALUE ,C.USERNAME ,C.STATUS ,C.PROGRAM FROM V$SESSTAT A ,V$STATNAME B ,V$SESSION C WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC# AND A.SID = C.SID AND B.NAME = 'CPU used by this session' AND A.VALUE > 0 ORDER BY A.VALUE DESC;
Oracle Process의 정보
SELECT S.STATUS "STATUS" ,S.SERIAL# "SERIAL#" ,S.TYPE "TYPE" ,S.USERNAME "DB USER" ,S.OSUSER "CLIENT USER" ,S.SERVER "SERVER" ,S.MACHINE "MACHINE" ,S.MODULE "MODULE" ,S.TERMINAL "TERMINAL" ,S.PROGRAM "PROGRAM" ,P.PROGRAM "O.S. PROGRAM" ,S.LOGON_TIME "CONNECT TIME" ,LOCKWAIT "LOCK WAIT" ,SI.PHYSICAL_READS "PHYSICAL READS" ,SI.BLOCK_GETS "BLOCK GETS" ,SI.CONSISTENT_GETS "CONSISTENT GETS" ,SI.BLOCK_CHANGES "BLOCK CHANGES" ,SI.CONSISTENT_CHANGES "CONSISTENT CHANGES" ,S.PROCESS "PROCESS" ,P.SPID ,P.PID ,S.SERIAL# ,SI.SID ,S.SQL_ADDRESS "ADDRESS" ,S.SQL_HASH_VALUE "SQL HASH" ,S.ACTION FROM V$SESSION S ,V$PROCESS P ,SYS.V_$SESS_IO SI WHERE S.PADDR = P.ADDR(+) AND SI.SID(+) = S.SID AND S.USERNAME IS NOT NULL AND NVL(S.OSUSER, 'X') <> 'SYSTEM' AND S.TYPE <> 'BACKGROUND' ORDER BY 3;
연결되어 있는 OS 사용자 및 프로그램 조회
SELECT SID ,SERIAL# ,OSUSER ,SUBSTRB(USERNAME, 1, 10) AS USER_NAME ,SUBSTRB(PROGRAM, 1, 30) AS PROGRAM_NAME ,STATUS ,TO_CHAR(LOGON_TIME, 'YYYY/MM/DD HH:MI') AS LOGON_TIME FROM V$SESSION WHERE TYPE != ‘BACKGROUND’ AND STATUS = ‘ACTIVE’;
Active Session 중 Idle Time이 긴 작업
SELECT VS.SID || ',' || VS.SERIAL# " SID" ,VP.SPID ,VS.MACHINE ,VS.PROGRAM ,VS.MODULE ,VS.STATUS ,TO_CHAR(VS.LOGON_TIME, 'MM/DD HH24:MI') LOGIN_TIME ,ROUND(VS.LAST_CALL_ET / 60) "IDLE" FROM V$SESSION VS ,V$PROCESS VP WHERE VS.STATUS = 'ACTIVE' AND VS.SID NOT IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) AND VS.PADDR = VP.ADDR ORDER BY 8;
오래도록 수행되는 Full Table Scan를 모니터링
SELECT SID ,SERIAL# ,OPNAME ,TO_CHAR(START_TIME, 'HH24:MI:SS') AS "START" ,(SOFAR / TOTALWORK) * 100 AS "PERCENT_COMPLETE" FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS;
사용자 session 중에서 2시간 이상 idle 상태가 지속되는 session을 kill
ET PAGESIZE 0 SPOOL KILLIDLE3.SQL SELECT DISTINCT '!KILL -9 ' || B.SPID, 'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ''' || A.SID || ',' || A.SERIAL# || ''' ;' FROM V$SESSION A ,V$PROCESS B WHERE A.PADDR IN (SELECT S.PADDR FROM V$SESSION S WHERE STATUS = 'INACTIVE' GROUP BY S.PADDR HAVING MIN(ROUND(LAST_CALL_ET / 60)) > 120) AND A.PADDR = B.ADDR AND A.STATUS = 'INACTIVE'; SPOOL OFF
DBUser 별로 Session 정보를 조회
SELECT S.USERNAME ,S.SID ,S.SERIAL# ,P.SPID ,S.OSUSER ,S.MACHINE ,S.PROGRAM ,TO_CHAR(S.LOGON_TIME, 'MM/DD HH24:MI') "LOGON_TIME" ,ROUND(S.LAST_CALL_ET / 60) "IDLE" FROM V$SESSION S ,V$PROCESS P WHERE S.PADDR = P.ADDR AND S.USERNAME LIKE UPPER('&DBUSER%') ORDER BY 9;
Disk Read 가 많은 SQL문 찾기
SELECT DISK_READS, SQL_TEXT FROM V$SQLAREA WHERE DISK_READS > 100 ORDER BY DISK_READS DESC;
테이블 관리
테이블 생성일자 보기
SELECT SUBSTRB(OBJECT_NAME, 1, 15) AS OBJECT_NAME ,CREATED ,LAST_DDL_TIME ,TIMESTAMP ,STATUS FROM USER_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명') AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE';
테이블의 크기 및 블록 보기
SELECT SUBSTR(SEGMENT_NAME, 1, 20), BYTES, BLOCKS FROM USER_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명');
테이블의 익스텐트 정보 조회
/* 오라클에서 스토리지 구조는 아래와 같다. 테이블 스페이스 -> 세그먼트 -> 익스텐트 -> 블록 -> OS 범위 -> 데이터 파일 -> 운영체제 블록 세그먼트의 이름, 해당 세그먼트의 최대 익스텐트 개수, 익스텐트 아이디 해당 세그먼트의 최대 익스텐트 개수 - 최대 익스텐트 아이디 딕셔너리 관리 테이블스페이스로 생성한 것으로 조회를 한다. */ SELECT B.SEGMENT_NAME ,B.MAX_EXTENTS ,MAX(C.EXTENT_ID) AS EXTENT_ID ,B.MAX_EXTENTS - MAX(C.EXTENT_ID) AS DIFF FROM USER_TABLESPACES A ,USER_SEGMENTS B ,USER_EXTENTS C WHERE A.EXTENT_MANAGEMENT = 'DICTIONARY' AND B.TABLESPACE_NAME = A.TABLESPACE_NAME AND C.SEGMENT_NAME = B.SEGMENT_NAME GROUP BY B.SEGMENT_NAME, B.MAX_EXTENTS HAVING B.MAX_EXTENTS - MAX(C.EXTENT_ID) <= 50 ORDER BY B.MAX_EXTENTS - MAX(C.EXTENT_ID);
특정 테이블의 스키마 구조 확인
/* 보통 토드나 기타 오라클 클라이언트 툴을 이용해서 테이블 구조를 확인 해도 됩니다. 하지만 수많은 테이블을 전체 보고 싶을 경우 아래 쿼리를 이용하면 한번에 확인이 가능합니다. */ : 관리자용 SELECT OWNER ,TABLE_NAME ,COLUMN_NAME ,PK ,COLUMN_NAME ,DATA_TYPE || '( ' || NVL(DATA_TYPE_2, DATA_LENGTH) || ' )' DATA_TYPE ,NULLABLE ,COMMENTS FROM (SELECT A.OWNER ,A.TABLE_NAME ,A.COLUMN_ID ,B.POSITION PK ,A.COLUMN_NAME ,A.DATA_TYPE ,A.DATA_PRECISION || DECODE(A.DATA_SCALE, NULL, NULL, ',' || A.DATA_SCALE) DATA_TYPE_2 ,A.DATA_LENGTH ,A.DATA_PRECISION ,A.DATA_SCALE ,A.NULLABLE ,A.COMMENTS ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY A.OWNER, A.TABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_ID ORDER BY A.COLUMN_ID, B.POSITION) RN FROM (SELECT COL.OWNER ,COL.TABLE_NAME ,COL.COLUMN_ID ,COL.COLUMN_NAME ,COL.DATA_TYPE ,COL.DATA_LENGTH ,COL.DATA_PRECISION ,COL.DATA_SCALE ,COL.NULLABLE ,COM.COMMENTS FROM DBA_TAB_COLUMNS COL ,DBA_COL_COMMENTS COM WHERE COL.COLUMN_NAME = COM.COLUMN_NAME AND COL.OWNER = COM.OWNER AND COL.TABLE_NAME = COM.TABLE_NAME AND COM.OWNER = :IN_OWNER AND COM.TABLE_NAME LIKE :IN_TABLE_NAME || '%') A ,DBA_CONS_COLUMNS B WHERE B.TABLE_NAME(+) = A.TABLE_NAME AND B.COLUMN_NAME(+) = A.COLUMN_NAME) X WHERE X.RN = 1 ORDER BY X.TABLE_NAME, X.COLUMN_ID; : 일반 사용자 용 SELECT TABLE_NAME ,COLUMN_NAME ,PK ,COLUMN_NAME ,DATA_TYPE || '( ' || NVL(DATA_TYPE_2, DATA_LENGTH) || ' )' DATA_TYPE ,NULLABLE ,COMMENTS FROM (SELECT A.TABLE_NAME ,A.COLUMN_ID ,B.POSITION PK ,A.COLUMN_NAME ,A.DATA_TYPE ,A.DATA_PRECISION || DECODE(A.DATA_SCALE, NULL, NULL, ',' || A.DATA_SCALE) DATA_TYPE_2 ,A.DATA_LENGTH ,A.DATA_PRECISION ,A.DATA_SCALE ,A.NULLABLE ,A.COMMENTS ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY A.TABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_ID ORDER BY A.COLUMN_ID, B.POSITION) RN FROM (SELECT COL.TABLE_NAME ,COL.COLUMN_ID ,COL.COLUMN_NAME ,COL.DATA_TYPE ,COL.DATA_LENGTH ,COL.DATA_PRECISION ,COL.DATA_SCALE ,COL.NULLABLE ,COM.COMMENTS FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS COL ,USER_COL_COMMENTS COM WHERE COL.COLUMN_NAME = COM.COLUMN_NAME AND COL.TABLE_NAME = COM.TABLE_NAME AND COM.TABLE_NAME LIKE :IN_TABLE_NAME || '%') A ,USER_CONS_COLUMNS B WHERE B.TABLE_NAME(+) = A.TABLE_NAME AND B.COLUMN_NAME(+) = A.COLUMN_NAME) X WHERE X.RN = 1 ORDER BY X.TABLE_NAME, X.COLUMN_ID;
CONSTRAINT 보기
SELECT DECODE(A.CONSTRAINT_TYPE, 'P', 'Primary Key', 'R', 'Foreign Key', 'C', 'Table Check', 'V', 'View Check', 'U', 'Unique', '?') AS "유형" ,SUBSTRB(A.CONSTRAINT_NAME, 1, 25) AS CONSTRAINT_NAME ,B.POSITION ,SUBSTRB(B.COLUMN_NAME, 1, 25) AS COLUMN_NAME FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS A ,DBA_CONS_COLUMNS B WHERE A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND A.OWNER = 'E_LUCIS' AND A.TABLE_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
특정 테이블의 인덱스 확인
/* 인덱스를 확인 하고자 할때 사용하는 쿼리 */ SELECT C.TABLE_NAME ,C.INDEX_NAME ,C.COLUMN_NAME ,C.COLUMN_POSITION ,T.NUM_ROWS FROM ALL_IND_COLUMNS C ,(SELECT TABLE_NAME, NUM_ROWS FROM ALL_TABLES WHERE OWNER = 'ESTDBA' AND TABLE_NAME IN (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM USER_TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE :IN_TABLE_NAME || '%') AND NUM_ROWS > 0) T WHERE C.TABLE_NAME = T.TABLE_NAME ORDER BY T.NUM_ROWS DESC, C.TABLE_NAME, C.INDEX_NAME, C.COLUMN_POSITION;
Index가 없는 Table 조회
SELECT OWNER, TABLE_NAME FROM (SELECT OWNER, TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_TABLES MINUS SELECT TABLE_OWNER, TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_INDEXES) WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') ORDER BY OWNER, TABLE_NAME;
다중 UPDATE 쿼리
/* BYPASS_UJVC 힌트를 이용하면 특정 뷰를 만들어서 컬럼 대 컬럼을 대입 할 수 있습니다. 아래 쿼리는 메타정보관리용 유저로서 코멘트의 내용 중에서 정규표현식을 이용하여 관련 데이터를 조작 하는 방법 입니다. */ UPDATE /*+ BYPASS_UJVC */ ( SELECT X.* ,CASE WHEN UNIT_INSTR > 0 THEN SUBSTR(X.COLUMN_DESC, X.UNIT_INSTR + 3, 1) END B_UNIT FROM (SELECT A.SERVER ,A.OWNER ,A.TABLE_NAME ,A.COLUMN_NAME ,A.COLUMN_DESC ,A.GRP_CD A_GRP_CD ,A.UNIT A_UNIT ,REGEXP_INSTR(COLUMN_DESC, '단위\:') UNIT_INSTR FROM DBA_MYCOL A WHERE A.SERVER = :IN_SERVER AND A.OWNER = :IN_OWNER AND A.TABLE_NAME = :IN_TABLE_NAME) X) SET A_UNIT = B_UNIT UPDATE_DT = SYSDATE;
상호 DB간에 컬럼 이름 비교
/* 양쪽 DB에서 사용하는 테이블 중에서 컬럼 이름 다른 항목을 찾는다. */ SELECT A.TABLE_NAME ,A.COLUMN_NAME ,A.COLUMN_ID ,A.DATA_TYPE || '(' || A.DATA_LENGTH || ')' DATA_TYPE FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS@LINK_ESTDB A WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = :IN_TABLE_NAME AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 'X' FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS B WHERE B.TABLE_NAME = A.TABLE_NAME AND B.COLUMN_NAME = A.COLUMN_NAME); SELECT A.TABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_NAME, A.COLUMN_ID FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS@LINK_ESTDB A WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = :IN_TABLE_NAME MINUS SELECT A.TABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_NAME, A.COLUMN_ID FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS A WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = :IN_TABLE_NAME
PRIMARY KEY 재생성 방법
PRIMARY KEY DROP ALTER TABLE EMP DROP PRIMARY KEY; PRIMARY KEY 생성 ALTER TABLE EMP ADD CONSTRAINT EMP_PK PRIMARY KEY(EMPNO) USING INDEX STORAGE(INITIAL 1M NEXT 1M PCTINCREASE 0) TABLESPACE USERS;
PRIMARY KEY를 REFERENCE 하는 FOREIGN KEY 찾기
SELECT C.NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS A ,CDEF$ B ,CON$ C WHERE A.OBJECT_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명') AND A.OBJECT_ID = B.ROBJ# AND B.CON# = C.CON#;
동일한 자료 삭제 방법
DELETE FROM EMP E WHERE E.ROWID > ( SELECT MIN(X.ROWID) FROM EMP X WHERE X.EMPNO = E.EMPNO );
파티션 테이블의 파티션 범위 보기
SELECT SUBSTRB(PARTITION_NAME, 1, 30) AS PARTITION_NAME, SUBSTRB(TABLESPACE_NAME, 1, 30) AS TABLESPACE_NAME, HIGH_VALUE FROM USER_TAB_PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명');
인덱스 관리
INDEX 보기
SELECT A.INDEX_NAME ,A.UNIQUENESS ,TO_CHAR(COLUMN_POSITION, '999') AS POS ,SUBSTRB(COLUMN_NAME, 1, 33) AS COLUMN_NAME FROM USER_INDEXES A ,USER_IND_COLUMNS B WHERE A.INDEX_NAME = B.INDEX_NAME AND A.TABLE_OWNER = UPPER('E_LUCIS') AND A.TABLE_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명') ORDER BY 1, 3;
전체 INDEX 보기
SELECT SUBSTRB(A.TABLE_NAME, 1, 22) AS TABLE_NAME ,SUBSTRB(A.INDEX_NAME, 1, 23) AS INDEX_NAME ,SUBSTRB(A.UNIQUENESS, 1, 7) AS UNIQUE ,TO_CHAR(COLUMN_POSITION, '999') AS POS ,SUBSTRB(COLUMN_NAME, 1, 20) AS COLUMN_NAME FROM DBA_INDEXES A ,DBA_IND_COLUMNS B WHERE A.INDEX_NAME = B.INDEX_NAME AND A.TABLE_OWNER = B.TABLE_OWNER AND A.TABLE_OWNER = 'E_LUCIS' ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
테이블의 PK를 구성하는 컬럼 조회
SELECT A.TABLE_NAME, B.CONSTRAINT_NAME, C.COLUMN_NAME FROM USER_TABLES A ,USER_CONSTRAINTS B ,USER_CONS_COLUMNS C WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = B.TABLE_NAME AND B.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND B.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P';
오브젝트에 접속되어 있는 프로그램 조회
SELECT SUBSTR(B.OBJECT, 1, 15) AS OBJECT, SUBSTR(A.PROGRAM, 1, 15) AS PROGRAM, COUNT(*) AS CNT FROM V$SESSION A ,V$ACCESS B WHERE A.SID = B.SID AND B.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS') AND A.TYPE != 'BACKGROUND' AND B.OBJECT LIKE UPPER('&OBJECT_NAME') || '%' GROUP BY B.OBJECT, SUBSTR(A.PROGRAM, 1, 15);
인덱스에 대한 컬럼 조회
SELECT TABLE_NAME ,INDEX_NAME ,COLUMN_POSITION ,COLUMN_NAME FROM USER_IND_COLUMNS ORDER BY TABLE_NAME, INDEX_NAME, COLUMN_POSITION;
중복인덱스 체크
SELECT O1.NAME || '.' || N1.NAME REDUNDANT_INDEX, O2.NAME || '.' || N2.NAME SUFFICIENT_INDEX FROM SYS.ICOL$ IC1 ,SYS.ICOL$ IC2 ,SYS.IND$ I1 ,SYS.OBJ$ N1 ,SYS.OBJ$ N2 ,SYS.USER$ O1 ,SYS.USER$ O2 WHERE IC1.POS# = 1 AND IC2.BO# = IC1.BO# AND IC2.OBJ# != IC1.OBJ# AND IC2.POS# = 1 AND IC2.INTCOL# = IC1.INTCOL# AND I1.OBJ# = IC1.OBJ# AND BITAND(I1.PROPERTY, 1) = 0 AND (SELECT MAX(POS#) * (MAX(POS#) + 1) / 2 FROM SYS.ICOL$ WHERE OBJ# = IC1.OBJ#) = (SELECT SUM(XC1.POS#) FROM SYS.ICOL$ XC1 ,SYS.ICOL$ XC2 WHERE XC1.OBJ# = IC1.OBJ# AND XC2.OBJ# = IC2.OBJ# AND XC1.POS# = XC2.POS# AND XC1.INTCOL# = XC2.INTCOL#) AND N1.OBJ# = IC1.OBJ# AND N2.OBJ# = IC2.OBJ# AND O1.USER# = N1.OWNER# AND O2.USER# = N2.OWNER#;
인덱스의 Delete Space 조회
SELECT NAME ,LF_ROWS ,DEL_LF_ROWS ,(DEL_LF_ROWS / LF_ROWS) * 100 AS "DELETE SPACE %" FROM INDEX_STATS WHERE NAME = UPPER('&INDEX_NAME'); Delete Space % 값이 20 % 가 넘으면, 그 인덱스는 다시 작성하는 것이 좋다.
오브젝트 정보 조회
사용자별 오브젝트 수
SELECT OWNER AS "OWNER" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'TABLE', 1, 0)) AS "TABLE" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'INDEX', 1, 0)) AS "INDEX" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'SYNONYM', 1, 0)) AS "SYNONYMS" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'SEQUENCE', 1, 0)) AS "SEQUENCES" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'VIEW', 1, 0)) AS "VIEWS" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'CLUSTER', 1, 0)) AS "CLUSTERS" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'DATABASE LINK', 1, 0)) AS "DBLINKS" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'PACKAGE', 1, 0)) AS "PACKAGES" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'PACKAGE BODY', 1, 0)) AS "PACKAGE_BODY" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'PROCEDURE', 1, 0)) AS "PROCEDURES" ,SUM(DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'FUNCTION', 1, 0)) AS "FUNCTION" FROM DBA_OBJECTS GROUP BY OWNER;
Tablespace별 Table, Index 개수
SELECT OWNER ,TABLESPACE_NAME ,SUM(DECODE(SEGMENT_TYPE, 'TABLE', 1, 0)) ,SUM(DECODE(SEGMENT_TYPE, 'INDEX', 1, 0)) FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_TYPE IN ('TABLE', 'INDEX') GROUP BY OWNER, TABLESPACE_NAME;
딕셔너리/뷰 정보 조회
SELECT A.TABLE_NAME, B.COLUMN_NAME FROM DICTIONARY A ,DICT_COLUMNS B WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = B.TABLE_NAME;
DB Link 보기
SELECT SUBSTRB(U.NAME, 1, 10) AS OWNER ,SUBSTRB(L.NAME, 1, 20) AS DB_LINK ,SUBSTRB(L.HOST, 1, 10) AS HOST ,SUBSTRB(L.USERID || '/' || L.PASSWORD, 1, 15) AS USERPASS FROM SYS.LINK$ L ,SYS.USER$ U WHERE L.OWNER# = U.USER#;
View의 정의 내역 보기
SELECT TEXT FROM USER_VIEWS WHERE VIEW_NAME LIKE UPPER('&뷰_이름');
함수 , 프로시져 정보 관리
패키지 검색 1 - 특정 오라클 사용자 중에서 패키지 소스와 일치하는 텍스트를 조회
오라클 사용자에서 사용하는 패키지를 보여는 방법 :IN_OWNER : 오라클 사용자 :IN_OBJECT_NAME : 패키지 이름 SELECT OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OWNER = :IN_OWNER AND OBJECT_NAME LIKE '%' || :IN_OBJECT_NAME || '%' AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'PACKAGE'; 오라클 사용자의 패키지 중에서 텍스트 내용을 검색하여 패키지 정보를 추출 :IN_OWNER : 오라클 사용자 :IN_TEXT : 패키지소 스에서 검색할 텍스트 SELECT NAME 패키지 이름 , LINE 라인 수 , TEXT 패키지 BODY에 수정된 내용 FROM DBA_SOURCE WHERE OWNER = :IN_OWNER AND TEXT LIKE '%' || :IN_TEXT || '%';
특정 사용자의 패키지 내에서 주석처리가 되지 않은 항목을 조회
/* 오라클 사용자가 사용하는 패키지의 BODY 소스를 검색하여 주식이 없거나 패턴이 맞지 않는 항목을 조회 한다. */ SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS B WHERE B.OWNER = :IN_OWNER AND B.OBJECT_TYPE = 'PACKAGE BODY' AND B.STATUS <> 'INVALID' VALID 상태만 조회, 만약 INVALID 된다고 해도 패키지를 수행하는 순간 컴파일 됨. AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM DBA_SOURCE A WHERE A.OWNER = B.OWNER AND A.TYPE = B.OBJECT_TYPE AND A.NAME = B.OBJECT_NAME AND A.LINE <= 5 AND A.TEXT LIKE '%NAME%');