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SQL 모음

DB CAFE

notifications_active 데이터베이스 전문기업 안내

목차

1 인덱스 정보[편집]

1.1 INDEX 보기[편집]

  • USER_INDEXES
  • USER_IND_COLUMNS
SELECT A.INDEX_NAME
     , A.UNIQUENESS
     , TO_CHAR(COLUMN_POSITION, '999') AS POS
     , SUBSTRB(COLUMN_NAME, 1, 33) AS COLUMN_NAME
  FROM USER_INDEXES A
     , USER_IND_COLUMNS B
 WHERE A.INDEX_NAME = B.INDEX_NAME 
   AND A.TABLE_OWNER = UPPER('E_LUCIS') 
   AND A.TABLE_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명') ORDER BY 1, 3;

1.2 전체 INDEX 보기[편집]

  • DBA_INDEXES
  • DBA_IND_COLUMNS
SELECT SUBSTRB(A.TABLE_NAME, 1, 22) AS TABLE_NAME
     , SUBSTRB(A.INDEX_NAME, 1, 23) AS INDEX_NAME
     , SUBSTRB(A.UNIQUENESS, 1, 7) AS UNIQUE
     , TO_CHAR(COLUMN_POSITION, '999') AS POS
     , SUBSTRB(COLUMN_NAME, 1, 20) AS COLUMN_NAME
  FROM DBA_INDEXES A
     , DBA_IND_COLUMNS B
 WHERE A.INDEX_NAME = B.INDEX_NAME 
   AND A.TABLE_OWNER = B.TABLE_OWNER 
   AND A.TABLE_OWNER = 'E_LUCIS' 
 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;

1.3 특정 테이블의 인덱스 확인[편집]

  • ALL_IND_COLUMNS
/* 인덱스를 확인 하고자 할때 사용하는 쿼리 */ 
SELECT C.TABLE_NAME
     , C.INDEX_NAME
     , C.COLUMN_NAME
     , C.COLUMN_POSITION
     , T.NUM_ROWS
  FROM ALL_IND_COLUMNS C
     , (SELECT TABLE_NAME, NUM_ROWS
          FROM ALL_TABLES
         WHERE OWNER = 'ESTDBA'
           AND TABLE_NAME IN (SELECT TABLE_NAME                                    
                                FROM USER_TABLES
                               WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE:IN_TABLE_NAME || '%'
                                   )
           AND NUM_ROWS > 0
       ) T
 WHERE C.TABLE_NAME = T.TABLE_NAME 
 ORDER BY T.NUM_ROWS DESC, C.TABLE_NAME, C.INDEX_NAME, C.COLUMN_POSITION;

1.4 인덱스에 대한 컬럼 조회[편집]

  • USER_IND_COLUMNS
SELECT TABLE_NAME
     , INDEX_NAME
     , COLUMN_POSITION
     , COLUMN_NAME
  FROM USER_IND_COLUMNS 
 ORDER BY TABLE_NAME, INDEX_NAME, COLUMN_POSITION;

1.5 PRIMARY KEY 재생성 방법[편집]

--- PRIMARY KEY DROP

ALTER TABLE EMP 
       DROP PRIMARY KEY;

-- PRIMARY KEY 생성 

ALTER TABLE EMP 
        ADD CONSTRAINT EMP_PK 
    PRIMARY KEY(EMPNO) 
      USING INDEX STORAGE(INITIAL 1M NEXT 1M PCTINCREASE 0) 
 TABLESPACE USERS;

1.6 PRIMARY KEY를 REFERENCE 하는 FOREIGN KEY 찾기[편집]

  • DBA_OBJECTS
  • CDEF$
  • CON$
SELECT C.NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME 
  FROM DBA_OBJECTS A
     , CDEF$ B
     , CON$ C
 WHERE A.OBJECT_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명') 
   AND A.OBJECT_ID = B.ROBJ# 
   AND B.CON# = C.CON#;

1.7 중복인덱스 체크[편집]

  • SYS.ICOL$
  • SYS.IND$
  • SYS.OBJ$
  • SYS.USER$
SELECT O1.NAME || '.' || N1.NAME     REDUNDANT_INDEX
     , O2.NAME || '.' || N2.NAME     SUFFICIENT_INDEX
  FROM SYS.ICOL$  IC1
     , SYS.ICOL$  IC2
     , SYS.IND$   I1
     , SYS.OBJ$   N1
     , SYS.OBJ$   N2
     , SYS.USER$  O1
     , SYS.USER$  O2
 WHERE     IC1.POS# = 1
       AND IC2.BO# = IC1.BO#
       AND IC2.OBJ# != IC1.OBJ#
       AND IC2.POS# = 1
       AND IC2.INTCOL# = IC1.INTCOL#
       AND I1.OBJ# = IC1.OBJ#
       AND BITAND (I1.PROPERTY, 1) = 0
       AND (SELECT MAX (POS#) * (MAX (POS#) + 1) / 2
              FROM SYS.ICOL$
             WHERE OBJ# = IC1.OBJ#) =
           (SELECT SUM (XC1.POS#)
              FROM SYS.ICOL$ XC1, SYS.ICOL$ XC2
             WHERE     XC1.OBJ# = IC1.OBJ#
                   AND XC2.OBJ# = IC2.OBJ#
                   AND XC1.POS# = XC2.POS#
                   AND XC1.INTCOL# = XC2.INTCOL#)
       AND N1.OBJ# = IC1.OBJ#
       AND N2.OBJ# = IC2.OBJ#
       AND O1.USER# = N1.OWNER#
       AND O2.USER# = N2.OWNER#;

또는 

select /*+ rule */ 
   a.table_owner, 
   a.table_name, 
   a.index_owner, 
   a.index_name, 
   column_name_list, 
   column_name_list_dup, 
   dup duplicate_indexes, 
   i.uniqueness, 
   i.partitioned, 
   i.leaf_blocks, 
   i.distinct_keys, 
   i.num_rows, 
   i.clustering_factor 
from 
  ( 
   select 
      table_owner, 
      table_name, 
      index_owner, 
      index_name, 
      column_name_list_dup, 
      dup, 
      max(dup) OVER 
       (partition by table_owner, table_name, index_name) dup_mx 
   from 
      ( 
       select 
          table_owner, 
          table_name, 
          index_owner, 
          index_name, 
          substr(SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(column_name, ','),2)   
          column_name_list_dup, 
          dup 
       from 
          ( 
          select 
            index_owner, 
            index_name, 
            table_owner, 
            table_name, 
            column_name, 
            count(1) OVER 
             (partition by 
                 index_owner, 
                 index_name) cnt, 
             ROW_NUMBER () OVER 
               (partition by 
                  index_owner, 
                  index_name 
                order by column_position) as seq, 
             count(1) OVER 
               (partition by 
                  table_owner, 
                  table_name, 
                  column_name, 
                  column_position) as dup 
   from 
      sys.dba_ind_columns 
   where 
      index_owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')) 
where 
   dup!=1 
start with seq=1 
connect by prior seq+1=seq 
and prior index_owner=index_owner 
and prior index_name=index_name 
)) a, 
( 
select 
   table_owner, 
   table_name, 
   index_owner, 
   index_name, 
   substr(SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(column_name, ','),2) column_name_list 
from 
( 
select index_owner, index_name, table_owner, table_name, column_name, 
count(1) OVER ( partition by index_owner, index_name) cnt, 
ROW_NUMBER () OVER ( partition by index_owner, index_name order by column_position) as seq 
from sys.dba_ind_columns 
where index_owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')) 
where seq=cnt 
start with seq=1 
connect by prior seq+1=seq 
and prior index_owner=index_owner 
and prior index_name=index_name 
) b, dba_indexes i 
where 
    a.dup=a.dup_mx 
and a.index_owner=b.index_owner 
and a.index_name=b.index_name 
and a.index_owner=i.owner 
and a.index_name=i.index_name 
order by 
   a.table_owner, a.table_name, column_name_list_dup;

1.8 테이블의 PK를 구성하는 컬럼 조회[편집]

  • USER_TABLES
  • USER_CONSTRAINTS
  • USER_CONS_COLUMNS
SELECT A.TABLE_NAME, B.CONSTRAINT_NAME, C.COLUMN_NAME 
  FROM USER_TABLES A
     , USER_CONSTRAINTS B
     , USER_CONS_COLUMNS C
 WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = B.TABLE_NAME 
   AND B.CONSTRAINT_NAME = C.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
   AND B.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P';

1.9 Index가 없는 Table 조회[편집]

  • DBA_TABLES
  • DBA_INDEXES
SELECT OWNER, TABLE_NAME 
FROM (SELECT OWNER
           , TABLE_NAME
        FROM DBA_TABLES
       MINUS
      SELECT TABLE_OWNER
           , TABLE_NAME
        FROM DBA_INDEXES
     )
 WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') ORDER BY OWNER, TABLE_NAME;

2 락 정보[편집]

2.1 테이블에 LOCK이 걸렸는지를 보기[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$LOCK
  • DBA_OBJECTS
SELECT A.SID
     , A.SERIAL#
     , SUBSTRB(A.USERNAME, 1, 16) AS USERNAME
     , SUBSTRB(A.MACHINE, 1, 30) AS MACHINE
     , A.TERMINAL
     , A.OSUSER
     , A.PROGRAM
     , SUBSTRB(TO_CHAR(A.LOGON_TIME, 'MM/DD HH24:MI:SS'), 1, 14) AS LOGON_TIME
     , SUBSTRB(C.OBJECT_NAME, 1, 58) AS OBJECT_NAME
  FROM V$SESSION A
     , V$LOCK B
     , DBA_OBJECTS C
 WHERE A.SID = B.SID AND B.ID1 = C.OBJECT_ID 
   AND B.TYPE = 'TM' 
   AND C.OBJECT_NAME LIKE UPPER('&테이블명');

2.2 Lock을 잡고있는 세션과 기다리는 세션 조회[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$LOCK
  • DBA_OBJECTS
SELECT DECODE(B.LOCKWAIT, NULL, ' ', 'w') AS WW
     , B.SID
     , B.SERIAL# AS SER#
     , SUBSTR(B.MACHINE, 1, 10) AS MACHINE
     , SUBSTR(B.PROGRAM, 1, 15) AS PROGRAM
     , SUBSTR(A.OBJECT_NAME, 1, 17) AS OBJ_NAME
     , SUBSTR(B.STATUS, 1, 1) AS S
     , DECODE(B.COMMAND,  0, NULL,  2, 'INSERT',  6, 'UPDATE',  7, 'DELETE',  B.COMMAND) AS SQLCMD
     , B.PROCESS AS PGM_PSS
  FROM V$SESSION B
     , ( SELECT A.SID, DECODE(B.OWNER, NULL, A.TYPE || '..ing', B.OWNER || '.' || B.OBJECT_NAME) AS OBJECT_NAME
         FROM V$LOCK A
            , DBA_OBJECTS B
        WHERE  A.ID1 = B.OBJECT_ID(+)
        GROUP BY  A.SID, DECODE(B.OWNER, NULL, A.TYPE || '..ing', B.OWNER || '.' || B.OBJECT_NAME)
       ) A
 WHERE B.SID = A.SID 
   AND B.TADDR IS NOT NULL;

2.3 테이블에 걸린 비정상적 LOCK 풀기[편집]

ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '&SID,&SERIAL';
  • RAC
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '&SID,&SERIAL,@1';

2.4 작업 중인 데이터베이스 트랜잭션 조회[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$TRANSACTION
  • DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS
SELECT S.SID
     , S.SERIAL#
     , S.STATUS
     , S.OSUSER
     , S.USERNAME
     , T.STATUS
     , T.START_TIME
  FROM V$SESSION S
     , V$TRANSACTION T
     , DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS R
 WHERE S.TADDR = T.ADDR 
   AND T.XIDUSN = R.SEGMENT_ID;

2.5 열려 있는 커서 조회[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$OPEN_CURSOR
SELECT A.SID
     , A.OSUSER
     , COUNT(B.SID) AS "CURSOR"
     , A.PROGRAM
     , A.STATUS
  FROM V$SESSION A
     , V$OPEN_CURSOR B
 WHERE A.SID = B.SID(+) 
 GROUP BY A.SID, A.OSUSER, A.PROGRAM, A.STATUS;

2.6 잠금 발생 유형 조회[편집]

  • V$LOCK
SELECT A.SID

         ,DECODE(A.TYPE
                ,'MR', 'MEDIA RECOVERY'
                ,'RT', 'REDO THREAD'
                ,'UN', 'USER_NAME'
                ,'TX', 'TRANSACTION'
                ,'TM', 'DML'
                ,'UL', 'PL/SQL USER LOCK'
                ,'DX', 'DISTRIBUTED XACTION'
                ,'CF', 'CONTROL FILE'
                ,'IS', 'INSTANCE STATE'
                ,'FS', 'FILE SET'
                ,'IR', 'INSTANCE RECOVERY'
                ,'FS', 'FILE SET'
                ,'ST', 'DISK SPACE TRANSACTION'
                ,'TS', 'TEMP SEGMENT'
                ,'IV', 'LIBRARY CACHE INVAILDATION'
                ,'LS', 'LOG START OR SWITCH'
                ,'RW', 'ROW WAIT'
                ,'SQ', 'SEQUENCE NUMBER'
                ,'TE', 'EXTEND TABLE'
                ,'TT', 'TEMP TABLE'
                ,A.TYPE
                )
            AS "LOCK_TYPE"
         ,DECODE(A.LMODE
                ,0, 'NONE'
                ,1, 'NULL'
                ,2, 'ROW-S(SS)'
                ,3, 'ROW-X(SX)'
                ,4, 'SHARE'
                ,5, 'S/ROW-X(SSX)'
                ,6, 'EXCLUSIVE'
                ,TO_CHAR(A.LMODE)
                )
            AS "MODE_HELD"
         ,DECODE(A.REQUEST
                ,0, 'NONE'
                ,1, 'NULL'
                ,2, 'ROW-S(SS)'
                ,3, 'ROW-X(SX)'
                ,4, 'SHARE'
                ,5, 'S/ROW-X(SSX)'
                ,6, 'EXCLUSIVE'
                ,TO_CHAR(A.REQUEST)
                )
            AS "MODE_REQUESTED"
         ,TO_CHAR(A.ID1) AS "LOCK_ID1"
         ,TO_CHAR(A.ID2) AS "LOCK_ID2"
         ,DECODE(BLOCK,  0, 'NOT BLOCKING',  1, 'BLOCKING',  2, 'GLOBAL',  TO_CHAR(BLOCK)) AS "BLOCKING_OTHERS"

FROM V$LOCK A WHERE (ID1, ID2) IN (SELECT B.ID1, ID2

                         FROM      V$LOCK B
                         WHERE     B.ID1 = A.ID1);

2.7 잠금 상태 오브젝트 조회[편집]

  • V$LOCKED_OBJECT
  • V$SESSION
  • DBA_OBJECT
SELECT A.SESSION_ID
     , B.SERIAL#
     , A.OS_USER_NAME
     , A.ORACLE_USERNAME
     , C.OBJECT_NAME
     , A.LOCKED_MODE
     , A.XIDUSN
  FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT A
      , V$SESSION B
      , DBA_OBJECTS C
 WHERE A.OBJECT_ID = C.OBJECT_ID AND A.SESSION_ID = B.SID;

2.8 잠금 SQL 구문 조회[편집]

  • V$SQLTEXT
  • V$SESSION
  • V$ACCESS
SELECT B.USERNAME AS USERNAME
     , C.SID AS SID
     , C.OWNER AS OBJECT_OWNER
     , C.OBJECT AS OBJECT
     , B.LOCKWAIT
     , A.PIECE
     , A.SQL_TEXT AS SQL
 FROM V$SQLTEXT A
    , V$SESSION B
    , V$ACCESS C
WHERE A.ADDRESS = B.SQL_ADDRESS 
  AND A.HASH_VALUE = B.SQL_HASH_VALUE 
  AND B.SID = C.SID 
  AND C.OWNER!= 'SYS';

2.9 해당 테이블의 세션을 제거하는 쿼리[편집]

  • V$LOCK
  • DBA_OBJECTS
  • V$SESSION
SELECT 'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''|| S.SID||','||S.SERIAL# ||''';' 
  FROM V$LOCK L, DBA_OBJECTS O, V$SESSION S 
 WHERE L.ID1 = O.OBJECT_ID 
   AND S.SID = L.SID 
   AND O.OWNER = 'ESTDBA' 
   AND O.OBJECT_NAME = 'TMP_GSYM2'

2.10 Blocking Lock Session 확인[편집]

  • V$SQLTEXT
  • V$SESSION
  • V$ACCESS
SELECT B.BLOCKING_SESSION AS BLOCKING_SESSION_SID
     , C.SID AS LOCK_SESSION_SID
     , C.OWNER AS OBJECT_OWNER
     , C.OBJECT AS OBJECT
     , B.LOCKWAIT
     , A.PIECE
     , A.SQL_TEXT AS SQL
  FROM V$SQLTEXT A
     , V$SESSION B
     , V$ACCESS C
 WHERE A.ADDRESS = B.SQL_ADDRESS 
   AND A.HASH_VALUE = B.SQL_HASH_VALUE 
   AND B.SID = C.SID 
   AND B.BLOCKING_SESSION IS NOT NULL 
   AND C.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'PUBLIC') 
   AND C.OBJECT NOT IN ('TOAD_PLAN_TABLE') 
 ORDER BY A.PIECE;

3 테이블 정보[편집]

3.1 테이블 생성일자 보기[편집]

  • USER_OBJECTS
SELECT SUBSTRB(OBJECT_NAME, 1, 15) AS OBJECT_NAME
     , CREATED
     , LAST_DDL_TIME
     , TIMESTAMP
     , STATUS
  FROM USER_OBJECTS 
 WHERE OBJECT_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명') 
   AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE';

3.2 테이블의 크기 및 블록 보기[편집]

  • USER_SEGMENTS
SELECT SUBSTR(SEGMENT_NAME, 1, 20)
     , BYTES
     , BLOCKS 
  FROM USER_SEGMENTS 
 WHERE SEGMENT_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명');

3.3 파티션 테이블의 파티션 범위 보기[편집]

  • USER_TAB_PARTITIONS
SELECT SUBSTRB(PARTITION_NAME, 1, 30) AS PARTITION_NAME, SUBSTRB(TABLESPACE_NAME, 1, 30) AS TABLESPACE_NAME, HIGH_VALUE 
  FROM USER_TAB_PARTITIONS 
 WHERE TABLE_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명');

3.4 CONSTRAINT 보기[편집]

  • DBA_CONSTRAINTS
  • DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
SELECT DECODE(A.CONSTRAINT_TYPE, 'P', 'Primary Key', 'R', 'Foreign Key', 'C', 'Table Check', 'V', 'View Check', 'U', 'Unique', '?')            AS "유형"
     , SUBSTRB(A.CONSTRAINT_NAME, 1, 25) AS CONSTRAINT_NAME
     , B.POSITION
     , SUBSTRB(B.COLUMN_NAME, 1, 25) AS COLUMN_NAME
 FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS A
    , DBA_CONS_COLUMNS B
WHERE A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
  AND A.OWNER = 'E_LUCIS' 
  AND A.TABLE_NAME = UPPER('&테이블명') ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;

3.5 특정 테이블의 스키마 구조 확인[편집]

3.5.1 DBA 용[편집]

  • DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
  • DBA_COL_COMMENTS
  • DBA_CONS_COLUMNS
SELECT OWNER
     , TABLE_NAME
     , COLUMN_NAME
     , PK
     , COLUMN_NAME
     , DATA_TYPE || '( ' || NVL(DATA_TYPE_2, DATA_LENGTH) || ' )' DATA_TYPE
     , NULLABLE
     , COMMENTS
  FROM (SELECT A.OWNER
             , A.TABLE_NAME
             , A.COLUMN_ID
             , B.POSITION PK
             , A.COLUMN_NAME
             , A.DATA_TYPE
             , A.DATA_PRECISION || DECODE(A.DATA_SCALE, NULL, NULL, ',' || A.DATA_SCALE) DATA_TYPE_2
             , A.DATA_LENGTH
             , A.DATA_PRECISION
             , A.DATA_SCALE
             , A.NULLABLE
             , A.COMMENTS
             , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY A.OWNER, A.TABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_ID ORDER BY A.COLUMN_ID, B.POSITION) RN
          FROM (SELECT COL.OWNER
                     , COL.TABLE_NAME
                     , COL.COLUMN_ID
                     , COL.COLUMN_NAME
                     , COL.DATA_TYPE
                     , COL.DATA_LENGTH
                     , COL.DATA_PRECISION
                     , COL.DATA_SCALE
                     , COL.NULLABLE
                     , COM.COMMENTS
                  FROM DBA_TAB_COLUMNS COL
                     , DBA_COL_COMMENTS COM
                 WHERE COL.COLUMN_NAME = COM.COLUMN_NAME
                   AND COL.OWNER = COM.OWNER 
                   AND COL.TABLE_NAME = COM.TABLE_NAME 
                   AND COM.OWNER =:IN_OWNER
                   AND COM.TABLE_NAME LIKE:IN_TABLE_NAME || '%'
               ) A
               , DBA_CONS_COLUMNS B
           WHERE B.TABLE_NAME(+) = A.TABLE_NAME
             AND B.COLUMN_NAME(+) = A.COLUMN_NAME) X
WHERE X.RN = 1 ORDER BY X.TABLE_NAME, X.COLUMN_ID;

3.5.2 일반 사용자 용[편집]

SELECT TABLE_NAME
       , COLUMN_NAME
       , PK
       , COLUMN_NAME
       , DATA_TYPE || '( ' || NVL (DATA_TYPE_2, DATA_LENGTH) || ' )'    DATA_TYPE
       , NULLABLE
       , COMMENTS
    FROM (SELECT A.TABLE_NAME
               , A.COLUMN_ID
               , B.POSITION                                                   PK
               , A.COLUMN_NAME
               , A.DATA_TYPE
               ,    A.DATA_PRECISION
                 || DECODE (A.DATA_SCALE, NULL, NULL, ',' || A.DATA_SCALE)    DATA_TYPE_2
               , A.DATA_LENGTH
               , A.DATA_PRECISION
               , A.DATA_SCALE
               , A.NULLABLE
               , A.COMMENTS
               , ROW_NUMBER ()
                     OVER (PARTITION BY A.TABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_ID
                           ORDER BY A.COLUMN_ID, B.POSITION)                  RN
            FROM (SELECT COL.TABLE_NAME
                       , COL.COLUMN_ID
                       , COL.COLUMN_NAME
                       , COL.DATA_TYPE
                       , COL.DATA_LENGTH
                       , COL.DATA_PRECISION
                       , COL.DATA_SCALE
                       , COL.NULLABLE
                       , COM.COMMENTS
                    FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS COL, USER_COL_COMMENTS COM
                   WHERE     COL.COLUMN_NAME = COM.COLUMN_NAME
                         AND COL.TABLE_NAME = COM.TABLE_NAME
                         AND COM.TABLE_NAME LIKE :IN_TABLE_NAME || '%') A
               , USER_CONS_COLUMNS B
           WHERE     B.TABLE_NAME(+) = A.TABLE_NAME
                 AND B.COLUMN_NAME(+) = A.COLUMN_NAME) X
   WHERE X.RN = 1
ORDER BY X.TABLE_NAME, X.COLUMN_ID;

3.6 사용자별 오브젝트 수[편집]

  • DBA_OBJECTS
SELECT OWNER                                                AS "OWNER"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'TABLE', 1, 0))            AS "TABLE"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'INDEX', 1, 0))            AS "INDEX"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'SYNONYM', 1, 0))          AS "SYNONYMS"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'SEQUENCE', 1, 0))         AS "SEQUENCES"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'VIEW', 1, 0))             AS "VIEWS"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'CLUSTER', 1, 0))          AS "CLUSTERS"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'DATABASE LINK', 1, 0))    AS "DBLINKS"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'PACKAGE', 1, 0))          AS "PACKAGES"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'PACKAGE BODY', 1, 0))     AS "PACKAGE_BODY"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'PROCEDURE', 1, 0))        AS "PROCEDURES"
       , SUM (DECODE (OBJECT_TYPE, 'FUNCTION', 1, 0))         AS "FUNCTION"
    FROM DBA_OBJECTS
GROUP BY OWNER;

4 모니터링[편집]


4.1 연결되어 있는 OS 사용자 및 프로그램 조회[편집]

  • V$SESSION
SELECT SID
     , SERIAL#
     , OSUSER
     , SUBSTRB(USERNAME, 1, 10) AS USER_NAME
     , SUBSTRB(PROGRAM, 1, 30) AS PROGRAM_NAME
     , STATUS
     , TO_CHAR(LOGON_TIME, 'YYYY/MM/DD HH:MI') AS LOGON_TIME
  FROM V$SESSION WHERE TYPE!= ‘BACKGROUND’ AND STATUS = ‘ACTIVE’;

4.2 1시간 이상 유휴 상태인 세션[편집]

SELECT SID
     , SERIAL#
     , USERNAME
     , TRUNC(LAST_CALL_ET / 3600, 2) || ' HR' LAST_CALL_ET
  FROM V$SESSION 
 WHERE LAST_CALL_ET > 3600 
   AND USERNAME IS NOT NULL;

4.3 Active Session 중 Idle Time이 긴 작업[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$PROCESS
SELECT VS.SID || ',' || VS.SERIAL# " SID"
     , VP.SPID
     , VS.MACHINE
     , VS.PROGRAM
     , VS.MODULE
     , VS.STATUS
     , TO_CHAR(VS.LOGON_TIME, 'MM/DD HH24:MI') LOGIN_TIME
     , ROUND(VS.LAST_CALL_ET / 60) "IDLE"
  FROM V$SESSION VS
     , V$PROCESS VP
 WHERE VS.STATUS = 'ACTIVE' 
   AND VS.SID NOT IN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) 
   AND VS.PADDR = VP.ADDR 
 ORDER BY 8;

4.4 DBUser 별로 Session 정보를 조회[편집]

SELECT S.USERNAME
     , S.SID
     , S.SERIAL#
     , P.SPID
     , S.OSUSER
     , S.MACHINE
     , S.PROGRAM
     , TO_CHAR(S.LOGON_TIME, 'MM/DD HH24:MI') "LOGON_TIME"
     , ROUND(S.LAST_CALL_ET / 60) "IDLE"
  FROM V$SESSION S
     , V$PROCESS P
 WHERE S.PADDR = P.ADDR AND S.USERNAME LIKE UPPER('&DBUSER%') 
 ORDER BY 9;

4.5 Session별 사용 명령어[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$SESSTAT
  • V$STATNAME
  • V$PROCESS
SELECT SESS.SID

         ,SESS.SERIAL#
         ,SUBSTR(SESS.USERNAME, 1, 10) "USER NAME"
         ,SUBSTR(OSUSER, 1, 11) "OS USER"
         ,SUBSTR(SESS.MACHINE, 1, 15) "MACHINE NAME"
         ,STATUS
         ,UPPER(
            DECODE(NVL(COMMAND, 0)
                  ,0, '---'
                  ,1, 'CREATE TABLE'
                  ,2, 'INSERT -'
                  ,3, 'SELECT -'
                  ,4, 'CREATE CLUST'
                  ,5, 'ALTER CLUST'
                  ,6, 'UPDATE -'
                  ,7, 'DELETE -'
                  ,8, 'DROP -'
                  ,9, 'CREATE INDEX'
                  ,10, 'DROP INDEX'
                  ,11, 'ALTER INDEX'
                  ,12, 'DROP TABLE'
                  ,13, 'CREATE SEQ'
                  ,14, 'ALTER SEQ'
                  ,15, 'ALTER TABLE'
                  ,16, 'DROP SEQ'
                  ,17, 'GRANT'
                  ,18, 'REVOKE'
                  ,19, 'CREATE SYN'
                  ,20, 'DROP SYN'
                  ,21, 'CREATE VIEW'
                  ,22, 'DROP VIEW'
                  ,23, 'VALIDATE IX'
                  ,24, 'CREATE PROC'
                  ,25, 'ALTER PROC'
                  ,26, 'LOCK TABLE'
                  ,27, 'NO OPERATION'
                  ,28, 'RENAME'
                  ,29, 'COMMENT'
                  ,30, 'AUDIT'
                  ,31, 'NOAUDIT'
                  ,32, 'CREATE DBLINK'
                  ,33, 'DROP DB LINK'
                  ,34, 'CREATE DATABASE'
                  ,35, 'ALTER DATABASE'
                  ,36, 'CREATE RBS'
                  ,37, 'ALTER RBS'
                  ,38, 'DROP RBS'
                  ,39, 'CREATE TABLESPACE'
                  ,40, 'ALTER TABLESPACE'
                  ,41, 'DROP TABLESPACE'
                  ,42, 'ALTER SESSION'
                  ,43, 'ALTER USER'
                  ,44, 'COMMIT'
                  ,45, 'ROLLBACK'
                  ,47, 'PL/SQL EXEC'
                  ,48, 'SET TRANSACTION'
                  ,49, 'SWITCH LOG'
                  ,50, 'EXPLAIN'
                  ,51, 'CREATE USER'
                  ,52, 'CREATE ROLE'
                  ,53, 'DROP USER'
                  ,54, 'DROP ROLE'
                  ,55, 'SET ROLE'
                  ,56, 'CREATE SCHEMA'
                  ,58, 'ALTER TRACING'
                  ,59, 'CREATE TRIGGER'
                  ,61, 'DROP TRIGGER'
                  ,62, 'ANALYZE TABLE'
                  ,63, 'ANALYZE INDEX'
                  ,69, 'DROP PROCEDURE'
                  ,71, 'CREATE SNAP LOG'
                  ,72, 'ALTER SNAP LOG'
                  ,73, 'DROP SNAP LOG'
                  ,74, 'CREATE SNAPSHOT'
                  ,75, 'ALTER SNAPSHOT'
                  ,76, 'DROP SNAPSHOT'
                  ,85, 'TRUNCATE TABLE'
                  ,88, 'ALTER VIEW'
                  ,91, 'CREATE FUNCTION'
                  ,92, 'ALTER FUNCTION'
                  ,93, 'DROP FUNCTION'
                  ,94, 'CREATE PACKAGE'
                  ,95, 'ALTER PACKAGE'
                  ,96, 'DROP PACKAGE'
                  ,46, 'SAVEPOINT'
                  )
          )
            COMMAND
         ,SESS.PROCESS "C.PROC"
         ,PROC.SPID "S.PROC"
         ,TO_CHAR(SESS.LOGON_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI')

 FROM V$SESSION SESS
    , V$SESSTAT STAT
    , V$STATNAME NAME
    , V$PROCESS PROC
WHERE SESS.SID = STAT.SID AND STAT.STATISTIC# = NAME.STATISTIC# AND SESS.USERNAME IS NOT NULL AND NAME.NAME = 'RECURSIVE CALLS' AND SESS.PADDR = PROC.ADDR ORDER BY 3, 1, 2;

4.6 사용자 session 2시간 이상 idle 상태가 지속되는 session kill[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$PROCESS
SET PAGESIZE 0 SPOOL KILLIDLE3.SQL

SELECT DISTINCT '!KILL -9 ' || B.SPID, 'ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '''|| A.SID || ',' || A.SERIAL# || ''';' 
  FROM V$SESSION A
     , V$PROCESS B
 WHERE A.PADDR IN (SELECT S.PADDR
                     FROM V$SESSION S
                    WHERE STATUS = 'INACTIVE'
                    GROUP BY  S.PADDR
                   HAVING MIN(ROUND(LAST_CALL_ET / 60)) > 120)
   AND A.PADDR = B.ADDR 
   AND A.STATUS = 'INACTIVE';

SPOOL OFF

4.7 Oracle Process의 정보[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$PROCESS
  • SYS.V_$SESS_IO
SELECT S.STATUS "STATUS"
         ,S.SERIAL# "SERIAL#"
         ,S.TYPE "TYPE"
         ,S.USERNAME "DB USER"
         ,S.OSUSER "CLIENT USER"
         ,S.SERVER "SERVER"
         ,S.MACHINE "MACHINE"
         ,S.MODULE "MODULE"
         ,S.TERMINAL "TERMINAL"
         ,S.PROGRAM "PROGRAM"
         ,P.PROGRAM "O.S. PROGRAM"
         ,S.LOGON_TIME "CONNECT TIME"
         ,LOCKWAIT "LOCK WAIT"
         ,SI.PHYSICAL_READS "PHYSICAL READS"
         ,SI.BLOCK_GETS "BLOCK GETS"
         ,SI.CONSISTENT_GETS "CONSISTENT GETS"
         ,SI.BLOCK_CHANGES "BLOCK CHANGES"
         ,SI.CONSISTENT_CHANGES "CONSISTENT CHANGES"
         ,S.PROCESS "PROCESS"
         ,P.SPID
         ,P.PID
         ,S.SERIAL#
         ,SI.SID
         ,S.SQL_ADDRESS "ADDRESS"
         ,S.SQL_HASH_VALUE "SQL HASH"
         ,S.ACTION
  FROM V$SESSION S
     , V$PROCESS P
     , SYS.V_$SESS_IO SI
WHERE S.PADDR = P.ADDR(+)
  AND SI.SID(+) = S.SID 
  AND S.USERNAME IS NOT NULL 
  AND NVL(S.OSUSER, 'X') <> 'SYSTEM' 
  AND S.TYPE <> 'BACKGROUND' 
ORDER BY 3;

4.8 오브젝트에 접속되어 있는 프로그램 조회[편집]

  • V$SESSION
  • V$ACCESS
SELECT SUBSTR(B.OBJECT, 1, 15) AS OBJECT, SUBSTR(A.PROGRAM, 1, 15) AS PROGRAM, COUNT(*) AS CNT 
  FROM V$SESSION A
      ,V$ACCESS B
WHERE A.SID = B.SID 
  AND B.OWNER NOT IN ('SYS') 
  AND A.TYPE!= 'BACKGROUND' 
  AND B.OBJECT LIKE UPPER('&OBJECT_NAME') || '%' GROUP BY B.OBJECT, SUBSTR(A.PROGRAM, 1, 15);

4.9 롤백 세그먼트 경합 조회[편집]

  • V$ROLLSTAT
  • V$ROLLNAME
SELECT NAME T0
     , GETS T1         ,WAITS T2
     , TO_CHAR(TRUNC(WAITS / GETS * 100, 2), 099.99) || '%' T3
     , TO_CHAR(ROUND(RSSIZE / 1024)) T4
     , SHRINKS T5
     , EXTENDS T6
  FROM V$ROLLSTAT
     , V$ROLLNAME
WHERE V$ROLLSTAT.USN = V$ROLLNAME.USN;

4.10 CPU를 많이 사용하는 세션의 식별[편집]

  • V$SESSTAT
  • V$STATNAME
  • V$SESSION
SELECT A.SID
     , C.SERIAL#
     , A.VALUE
     , C.USERNAME
     , C.STATUS
     , C.PROGRAM
  FROM V$SESSTAT A
     , V$STATNAME B
     , V$SESSION C
WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC# 
  AND A.SID = C.SID 
  AND B.NAME = 'CPU used by this session' 
  AND A.VALUE > 0 ORDER BY A.VALUE DESC;

4.11 Disk Read 가 많은 SQL문 찾기[편집]

  • V$SQLAREA
SELECT DISK_READS, SQL_TEXT 
  FROM V$SQLAREA 
 WHERE DISK_READS > 100 
ORDER BY DISK_READS DESC;

4.12 Rollback Segment를 사용하고 있는 SQL문 조회[편집]

  • V$ROLLNAME
  • V$ROLLSTAT
  • V$SESSION
  • V$SQLTEXT
  • V$TRANSACTION
SELECT A.NAME
     , B.XACTS
     , C.SID
     , C.SERIAL#
     , C.USERNAME
     , D.SQL_TEXT
  FROM V$ROLLNAME A
     , V$ROLLSTAT B
     , V$SESSION C
     , V$SQLTEXT D
     , V$TRANSACTION E
 WHERE A.USN = B.USN 
   AND B.USN = E.XIDUSN 
   AND C.TADDR = E.ADDR 
   AND C.SQL_ADDRESS = D.ADDRESS 
   AND C.SQL_HASH_VALUE = D.HASH_VALUE 
ORDER BY A.NAME, C.SID, D.PIECE;

4.13 오래도록 수행되는 Full Table Scan를 모니터링[편집]

  • V$SESSION_LONGOPS
SELECT SID
     , SERIAL#
     , OPNAME
     , TO_CHAR(START_TIME, 'HH24:MI:SS') AS "START"
     , (SOFAR / TOTALWORK) * 100 AS "PERCENT_COMPLETE"
  FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS;

4.14 System 테이블스페이스에 비시스템 세그먼트 조회[편집]

  • DBA_SEGMENTS
SELECT OWNER
     , SEGMENT_NAME
     , SEGMENT_TYPE
     , TABLESPACE_NAME
  FROM DBA_SEGMENTS 
 WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') 
   AND TABLESPACE_NAME = 'SYSTEM';

4.15 인덱스의 Delete Space 조회[편집]

  • INDEX_STATS
--Delete Space% 값이 20% 가 넘으면, 그 인덱스는 다시 작성하는 것이 좋다.
SELECT NAME
     , LF_ROWS
     , DEL_LF_ROWS
     , (DEL_LF_ROWS / LF_ROWS) * 100 AS "DELETE SPACE%"
  FROM INDEX_STATS WHERE NAME = UPPER('&INDEX_NAME');

4.16 딕셔너리/뷰 정보 조회[편집]

  • DICTIONARY
  • DICT_COLUMNS
SELECT A.TABLE_NAME
     , B.COLUMN_NAME
  FROM DICTIONARY A
     , DICT_COLUMNS B
 WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = B.TABLE_NAME;

5 프로시져/패키지[편집]


5.1 패키지 검색 1 - 특정 오라클 사용자 중에서 패키지 소스와 일치하는 텍스트를 조회[편집]

-- 오라클 사용자에서 사용하는 패키지를 보여는 방법

----
:IN_OWNER: 오라클 사용자

----
:IN_OBJECT_NAME: 패키지 이름
SELECT OBJECT_NAME 
  FROM DBA_OBJECTS 
 WHERE OWNER =:IN_OWNER 
   AND OBJECT_NAME LIKE '%' ||:IN_OBJECT_NAME || '%' 
   AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'PACKAGE';

-- 오라클 사용자의 패키지 중에서 텍스트 내용을 검색하여 패키지 정보를 추출

IN_OWNER: 오라클 사용자
IN_TEXT : 패키지소 스에서 검색할 텍스트
SELECT NAME -- 패키지 이름 , LINE -- 라인 수 , TEXT -- 패키지 BODY에 수정된 내용 FROM DBA_SOURCE WHERE OWNER =:IN_OWNER AND TEXT LIKE '%' ||:IN_TEXT || '%';

5.2 특정 사용자의 패키지 내에서 주석처리가 되지 않은 항목을 조회[편집]

/* 

   오라클 사용자가 사용하는 패키지의 BODY 소스를 검색하여
   주식이 없거나 패턴이 맞지 않는 항목을 조회 한다.
  • /
SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS B WHERE B.OWNER =:IN_OWNER AND B.OBJECT_TYPE = 'PACKAGE BODY' AND B.STATUS <> 'INVALID' -- VALID 상태만 조회, 만약 INVALID 된다고 해도 패키지를 수행하는 순간 컴파일 됨. AND NOT EXISTS

            (SELECT    1
             FROM      DBA_SOURCE A
             WHERE     A.OWNER = B.OWNER
             AND       A.TYPE = B.OBJECT_TYPE
             AND       A.NAME = B.OBJECT_NAME
             AND       A.LINE <= 5
             AND       A.TEXT LIKE '%NAME%');


5.3 다중 UPDATE 쿼리[편집]

/*

   BYPASS_UJVC 힌트를 이용하면 특정 뷰를 만들어서 컬럼 대 컬럼을 대입 할 수 있습니다.
    
   아래 쿼리는 메타정보관리용 유저로서 코멘트의 내용 중에서 정규표현식을 이용하여 관련 데이터를 조작 하는 방법 입니다.

*/ 

UPDATE /*+ BYPASS_UJVC */

      (   SELECT    X.*
                   ,CASE
                      WHEN UNIT_INSTR > 0 THEN SUBSTR(X.COLUMN_DESC, X.UNIT_INSTR + 3, 1)
                    END
                      B_UNIT
          FROM      (SELECT    A.SERVER
                              ,A.OWNER
                              ,A.TABLE_NAME
                              ,A.COLUMN_NAME
                              ,A.COLUMN_DESC
                              ,A.GRP_CD A_GRP_CD
                              ,A.UNIT A_UNIT
                              ,REGEXP_INSTR(COLUMN_DESC, '단위\:') UNIT_INSTR                     FROM      DBA_MYCOL A                     WHERE     A.SERVER =:IN_SERVER                     AND       A.OWNER =:IN_OWNER
                     AND       A.TABLE_NAME =:IN_TABLE_NAME) X)

SET A_UNIT = B_UNIT

          UPDATE_DT = SYSDATE;


5.4 CPU를 많이 사용하는 세션의 식별(SQL TEXT 조회)[편집]

SELECT A.*

         ,(SELECT   SS.SQL_TEXT
           FROM     V$SQLAREA SS
           WHERE    SS.ADDRESS = A.SQL_ADDRESS
           AND      ROWNUM <= 1
          ) AS SQL_TEST

FROM (

          SELECT    A.SID
                   ,C.SERIAL#
                   ,A.VALUE
                   ,C.USERNAME
                   ,C.STATUS
                   ,C.PROGRAM
                   ,C.SQL_ADDRESS
                   ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY A.VALUE DESC) RN
          FROM      V$SESSTAT A
                   ,V$STATNAME B
                   ,V$SESSION C
          WHERE     A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC#
          AND       A.SID = C.SID
          AND       B.NAME = 'CPU used by this session'
          AND       A.VALUE > 0
          AND       C.STATUS = 'ACTIVE'
          AND       C.USERNAME IS NOT NULL
          ) A

WHERE A.RN <= 10;


5.5 현재 세션에서 10초이상 걸리는 쿼리 조회 (SELECT절)[편집]

SELECT ABS(SYSDATE - A.LAST_LOAD_TIME) * 24 * 60 * 60 AS SEC_TIEM, A.* 
  FROM V$SQLAREA A
     , V$SESSION B
 WHERE A.SQL_TEXT LIKE '%SELECT%' 
   AND A.ADDRESS = B.SQL_ADDRESS 
   AND B.STATUS = 'ACTIVE' 
   AND A.ELAPSED_TIME >= 10 * 1000000  -- 실행계획에서 10초 이상 걸리는 쿼리를 조회(실제 걸리는 시간은 아님.) 
   AND A.PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM', 'SYSMAN') 
   AND B.USERNAME IS NOT NULL;

5.6 현재 세션에서 PGA, UGA, CPU 사용량 세션별로 조회하는 쿼리[편집]

SELECT B.USERNAME
         ,A.SID
         ,A.PGA_USAGE
         ,A.UGA_USAGE
         ,A.CPU_USAGE_SECONDS
         ,B.MACHINE
         ,B.PROGRAM
         ,B.MODULE
FROM (SELECT B.SID
                    ,MAX(DECODE(C.NAME, 'session pga memory', TRUNC(B.VALUE / 1024 / 1024) || 'MB', 0)) AS PGA_USAGE
                    ,MAX(DECODE(C.NAME, 'session uga memory', TRUNC(B.VALUE / 1024 / 1024) || 'MB', 0)) AS UGA_USAGE
                    ,MAX(DECODE(C.NAME, 'CPU used by this session', (B.VALUE / 100) || ' Sec', 0)) AS CPU_USAGE_SECONDS
           FROM      V$SESSTAT B
                    ,V$STATNAME C
           WHERE     B.STATISTIC# = C.STATISTIC#
           GROUP BY  B.SID) A
         ,V$SESSION B
WHERE B.SID = A.SID AND B.STATUS = 'ACTIVE' AND B.USERNAME IS NOT NULL;

5.7 상호 DB간에 컬럼 이름 비교[편집]

/*
   양쪽 DB에서 사용하는 테이블 중에서 컬럼 이름 다른 항목을 찾는다.
*/ 

SELECT A.TABLE_NAME
      ,A.COLUMN_NAME
      ,A.COLUMN_ID
      ,A.DATA_TYPE || '(' || A.DATA_LENGTH || ')' DATA_TYPE
FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS@LINK_ESTDB A WHERE A.TABLE_NAME =:IN_TABLE_NAME AND NOT EXISTS
            (SELECT    'X'
             FROM      USER_TAB_COLUMNS B
             WHERE     B.TABLE_NAME = A.TABLE_NAME
             AND       B.COLUMN_NAME = A.COLUMN_NAME);
SELECT A.TABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_NAME, A.COLUMN_ID 
  FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS@LINK_ESTDB A 
 WHERE A.TABLE_NAME =:IN_TABLE_NAME 
 MINUS 
SELECT A.TABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_NAME, A.COLUMN_ID 
  FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS A 
 WHERE A.TABLE_NAME =:IN_TABLE_NAME

5.8 DB Link 보기[편집]

SELECT SUBSTRB (U.NAME, 1, 10)                            AS OWNER
     , SUBSTRB (L.NAME, 1, 20)                            AS DB_LINK
     , SUBSTRB (L.HOST, 1, 10)                            AS HOST
     , SUBSTRB (L.USERID || '/' || L.PASSWORD, 1, 15)     AS USERPASS
  FROM SYS.LINK$ L, SYS.USER$ U
 WHERE L.OWNER# = U.USER#;

5.9 View의 정의 내역 보기[편집]

SET LONG 100000

SELECT TEXT FROM USER_VIEWS WHERE VIEW_NAME LIKE UPPER('&뷰_이름');


5.10 동일(중복) 자료 삭제 방법[편집]

  1. ROW_NUMBER() 이용
DELETE FROM 테이블명
	WHERE ROWID IN (
		SELECT ROWID 
		  FROM (
		    	SELECT * 
		    	  FROM (
		    	    	SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY 컬럼명 ORDER BY 컬럼명) AS num
		    		      FROM 테이블명
		    	       )
		 WHERE num > 1 --  num의 값이 1초과인 데이터들만 삭제
	)
);
  1. MIN(ROWID) 보다 큰건은 삭제(신규 추가된건 삭제)
DELETE FROM 테이블명 A
 WHERE ROWID > (SELECT MIN(ROWID) FROM 테이블명 B
                 WHERE A.컬럼 = B.컬럼
               );
  1. MAX(ROWID) 보다 작은건 삭제 (처음 추가된건 제)
DELETE FROM 테이블명 A
 WHERE ROWID < (SELECT MAX(ROWID) FROM 테이블명 B
                 WHERE A.컬럼 = B.컬럼);
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